Early Signs and Symptoms
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is a serious problem that can occur in people with diabetes. If left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The good news is that hyperglycemia can be treated and controlled. Recognizing the early symptoms of hyperglycemia is crucial to getting treatment right away. The early symptoms of hyperglycemia can include:- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Blurry vision
Later Signs of Hyperglycemia
If hyperglycemia isn't treated, it can cause toxic acids, called ketones, to build up in the blood and urine. This condition is called ketoacidosis. Symptoms include: Fruity-smelling breath Dry mouth Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Shortness of breath Confusion Loss of consciousnessCauses of Hyperglycemia
The body breaks down carbohydrates into sugar molecules, one of which is called glucose. Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream and provides the body with energy. Most of the body's tissues cannot use glucose without the help of insulin, which is a hormone made by the pancreas. Diabetes makes it difficult for the body to process insulin, which can lead to a variety of health problems. Your pancreas may not be able to produce insulin, as in type 1 diabetes, or your body may be resistant to the effects of insulin, as in type 2 diabetes.Long-Term Complications
Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels can help prevent a number of diabetes-related complications. Here are some long-term effects of hyperglycemia in diabetes:- Cardiovascular disease
- Teeth and gum infections
- Damage to the blood vessels of the retina that could lead to blindness
- Poor blood circulation or damaged nerves in your feet leading to serious skin infections, ulcerations, and even amputation
- Nerve damage
- Kidney damage or kidney failure
- Bone and joint problems
